September 25, 2020

American astronomers Famous

Aristotle	384-322 BC
	Ancient Greek philosopher who though the world was round and that the Earth was in the middle of it all. He wasn't an astronomer however, and didn't go about looking at the sky to prove his theory. He also thought that objects in space were made of ether, fire, water, earth and air.

Callipus	300-370 BC
No Picture	Ancient Greek scientist who accurately measured the length of the seasons.

Cassini, Giovanni Domenico	1621-1712
	Italo-French astronomer, very famous for discovering four of Saturn's moons (Tethys, Dione, Rhea, Iapetus) and the Cassini division in Saturn's rings. He was an astronomer at Panzano observatory from 1648-69, Professor at the University of Bologna, and in 1671 became direcor of the Observatory of Paris. He is given credit for discovering the Great Red Spot, along with Robert Hooke, and also for being the first person to make successful measurements of longitude using eclipses of the satellites of Jupiter as a clock.

Celsius, Anders	1701-1744
	Swedish professor of astronomy at Uppsala University from 1730 to 1744. He created the Celsius temperature system. He also confirmed that the Earth has a flattened top in an expedition and he discovered the magnetic basis for auroras. He died in 1744 of Tuberculosis.

Christy, James
No	American astronomer who discovered Pluto's moon Charon in 1978 along with Robert Harrington.

Copernicus, Nicolaus	1473-1543
	Radical Polish astronomer who developed the Copernican system - the theory that the planets orbit the Sun. These were very revolutionary ideas at the time and they were in complete contradiction to the Ptolemic System.

Einstein, Albert

1879-1955

Legendary German Jewish physicist most famous for his relativity theories. His work has a massive impact on modern everyday science.

He said that the speed of light is the fastest possible speed that can be reached and he explained the space-time phenomenon. He also wprked on the Atom bomb in America during the second world war and later played an important role in trying to promote nuclear disarmament.

He won the Nobel Prize in 1921 for explaining the photoelectric effect and is one of the most well known scientists in the Western world.

Eratosthenes	276-194BC
No	Ancient Greek scholar who was probably the first person to figure out the Earth's circumference.

Galilei, Galileo

1564-1642

Legendary Italian renaissance astronomer, mathematician and physicist who made many important discoveries in all of these fields.

As an astronomer he refined the telescope and was able to train it at the stars, subsequently used it in 1610 to spot Mercury, observe Venus' phases, study sunspots, discover Jupiter's moons Ganymede, Callisto, Io and Europa. He also discovered Saturn's rings.

He also worked out that the speed at which objects fall isn't influenced by their weight (so if you dropped a polystyrene and a lead ball from exactly the same height in an area with no wind or air resistance, they would land at the same time) and he studied pendulums too. On top of this he invented a primitive thermometer.

He was accused of heresy by the Inquisition in 1633 for proving that the Earth does indeed orbit the Sun.

Gregory, James	1638-1675
No	Scottish mathematician who invented the reflective telescope.

Halley, Edmund	1656-1742
	Famous English astronomer who worked out that Comets have orbits and predicted when Halley's comet would return.

1738-1822
	English astronomer who, with the improved reflective telescope he had built, discovered Uranus as well as its moons Titania and Oberon. He also coined the term 'asteroid', to describe the large chunks of rock floating around our solar system

Hubble, Edwin	1889-1953
	Famous American astronomer, credited for discovering and proving redshift (the phenomenon which allows astronomers to calculate the distance and relative speed of stars by analysing their light), and the expansion of the Universe.

Huygens, Christian	1629-1695
No	17th century dutch physicist noted for his work in astronomy and physics. Amongst his achievements are the discovery of Saturn's rings and one of its moons, which he was able to accomplish thanks in large part to the advances in lens and telescope making pioneered by him and his brother Constantijn Huygens. He is also associated with the field of photonics, and helped to advance the wave theory of light. He is also famous for his proof that a pendulum's swing amplitude is independent of its period, as well as patenting the pocket clock.

Kelvin, William	1824-1907
	English scientist who devised the Kelvin temperature scale in which 0K is absolute zero, 273.15K is 0oC and 373.15K is 100oC.

Kuiper, Gerad
No	Dutch astronomer who, in 1951, predicted the Kuiper Belt - a belt of small, icy objects which orbit the sun beyond the orbit of Neptune. He also discovered the Uranian moon Miranda.

Lassel, William
No	English Astronomer who discovered Neptune's moon Triton, Uranus' moon Arial and, with W. C. Bond, Saturn's moon Hyperion.

Newton, Isaac	1642-1727
	Legendary English mathematician and physicist who discovered some of the most important, fundamental rules of science. He produced the laws of gravitation and mechanics, invented calculus, investigated light further and more.

Jan Oort	1900-1992
No	Dutch astronomer who put forward the idea of the Oort cloud - a cloud of rocks, dust and suchlike that surrounds our Solar System and is where most of the comets we see originate.

Piazzi, Giuseppe	1746-1826
No	Italian astronomer who was the first person to discovered an asteroid. He discovered it on 1st January 1801 and called it Ceres.